Business Research Methods - 1137 Words

Business Research Methods Define the distinctions between primary, secondary, and tertiary sources in a secondary search A primary source is one that is original. An example of a primary source is the recently published results of a new study. Primary sources are the work of the only the author. When using a primary source, it is usually contemporary with the research being examined. A primary source is without interpretation. Examples of secondary sources would include newspaper articles, newscasts, or encyclopedias. Secondary sources are considered one step removed from primary sources. The can contain opinions. When researching a topic in a bibliography or index it represents a secondary source. Using this secondary source can†¦show more content†¦The quantitative approach often looks at larger groups than the qualitative method and gets a good idea of the major trends among a large sample size. Quantitative research is an effect approach when it is used correctly. People generally put a lot of faith in quantitative research. One of the crucial items when using quantitative data is to decide on what sample size to use and if the sample reflects the population you wish to examine. Senior executives might feel more comfortable relying on quantitative data because it is strictly facts, without interpretation. * * How might a qualitative research company lessen the senior-level executive s skepticism? * In the readings for this course a scenario is described asking the participants of a group to imagine something. As a result of the ideas of the focus group, a new perception for a movie was conceived. Sometimes what researchers need for the research are ideas from outside the box of preconceived notions. The qualitative approach to research can be very effective when done correctly. It takes time and effort to accurately set up, carry out, and analyze quantitative research. The problem begins when people skew the way in which they either collect or analyze data to benefit their own cause. A researcher needs to remember two things when looking at data. First, they need to determine howShow MoreRelatedThe Last Seven Weeks Of Business Research Methods774 Words   |  4 PagesThe last seven weeks in Business Research methods have been a very rewarding experience. This class has taught me new things about proper research and refreshed past information I have learned in other research cl asses. Throughout this class, we have covered topics spanning every aspect of the research process. We started with oral and written presentation of research findings. Next moving to types of research studies, including qualitative, quantitative, observation, experiments, and surveys. FinallyRead MoreEssay on Business Research Methods, Part Ii1616 Words   |  7 PagesRunning Head: BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS, PART II Business Research Methods, Part II University of Phoenix QNT/HC561: Applied Business in Research Statistics in Health Care Group ID: MBAY0ZATZ9 Erik Kirk, PhD August 22, 2011 Introduction Recently, Learning Team â€Å"A† was tasked with developing a research question arising from an organizational dilemma faced by the Physical Therapy Clinic. As a result of preliminary research analysis, the team determined constraints in clinical practiceRead MoreBusiness Research Methods1575 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness Research Methods Ââ€" BU2S01 2006/7 Academic Season Assignment 1 Cut off date: Friday, 15th December 2006 You are required to evaluate the in terms of purposes, audiences and general strengths and weaknesses. The essay will account for 40% of the overall mark. Indicative word count: 1500 words. Note that you will need to submit your coursework to the Business School reception by 12pm (noon). Research Ââ€" an investigation involving the process of enquiry and discoveryRead MoreBusiness Research Methods2735 Words   |  11 PagesBUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS Subject: Common problems, issues and constraints faced by business researchers during the Research Process Introduction: Business research involves the systematic and objective process of gathering data and transforming it into useful information. The research process is not confined around a single universal methodology. Infact it differs from one research study to another depending on the purpose of the research, the industry/ sector of the client company concernedRead More Methods of Business Research Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesMethods of Business Research According to the American Marketing Association, marketing research is the systematic gathering, recording, and analyzing of data about problems relating to the marketing of goods and services. Marketing research is not a perfect science. It deals with people and their constantly changing feelings and behaviors, which are influenced by countless subjective factors. To conduct marketing research you must gather facts and opinions in an orderly, objective way toRead MoreMarket Research Methods For Business1361 Words   |  6 PagesMarket research methods in business Primary research is data that is gathered first hand from an original source, and has not been collected before. It often involves going out and asking people for information, hence its alternative name field research. Observational research involves watching and observing people’s activities. For example, businesses use cookies on their websites in order to track what pages users are visiting on their website. By using cookies, businesses will be able to knowRead MoreWhat Are Business Research Methods700 Words   |  3 Pages Business Research Methods Student’s Name Institution â€Æ' Business Research Methods Question One The World Trade Organization (WTO) unique set of rules and guidelines established for place-name products are known as the Geographical Indication (GI). Rogers (2016) defines the mentioned regulations as a form of legal protection, which reserves the use of a specific place name in association with a particular product name for a product that genuinely comes from that location. MoreoverRead MoreQuestionnaire On Business Research Methods1415 Words   |  6 Pages Assessment 2 (Part A) Questionnaire Development (BMO6630) Business Research Methods Submitted to: Mr. Charles Jebarajakirthy Submitted By: Baldish Kaur (4490938) Kiranpreet Kaur (4492272) Statement of the Research This Questionnaire is designed to address the â€Å"Management problem in Airline industry due to the rapid growth of Low Cost Carriers† (LCCs) which especially increase the demand of Low cost travel. With the help of this survey, we will help theRead MoreA Comparison of Methods in Business Research3572 Words   |  15 PagesComparison of Methods in Business Research By Song Gao This essay compares the research method of case study with five other methods in business research. The five methods are focus group, in-depth interview, observation, questionnaires and field experiment. This essay provides the definition, advantages, disadvantages/limitations for each of the six methods. Moreover, five published articles related to case study method and two published articles related to each of the other five methods were foundRead MoreBusiness Research Methods -Starbucks2508 Words   |  11 Pagesre-evaluate its business strategies often leading to the closure of many of its stores in many recently expanded areas. This business problem and optional proposal is designed to address the issues Starbucks is facing as a result of the increased competition and market saturation in the coffee industry. Using statistics to remedy the issue, Team C will develop a hypothesis to study using an appropriate sample pool as well as primary and secondary data sources. The outcome of the research will result

The Ancient Greeks Engineering An Empire - 1233 Words

The video on YouTube named â€Å"THE ANCIENT GREEKS - ENGINEERING AN EMPIRE - Discovery History Science (full documentary)† by AncientDiscoveryHistory tells the story of the Ancient Greece. The video mentions that for over one thousand years, the charismatic and strong people of Greece made the most advanced technological wonders that the world has ever seen. Greece is a country of islands and city-states that was ruled by leaders whose thirst for greatness united people. However, Persia was the world’s superpower of that time. Persians were self-confident and multi-ethnic. Persia was a land power. A Persian invasion force of epic proportions came to Greece to add it to its empire, but Greece was ready to battle. One Greek named Themistocles had been preparing for that moment for years. Although all the city-states of ancient Greece spoke the same language and worshiped the same gods, they were not united. Themistocles who came from the aristocratic ranks was the only m an who could unite Greece. He knew how to make a city great and free. Themistocles wanted to build a navy that the world has never seen before. He built the Trireme, the deadliest warship of the ancient world. Greeks wanted to win battles by force, unlike the Persians who preferred to win battles through diplomacy, intimidation, and traders. Athens at that time had a practice called ostracism in which an individual is exile for ten years annually by an unpopularity contest. People would vote for a politician whoShow MoreRelatedThe Roman Empires Emulation of the Greeks1597 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom the Irish Sea to the North Sea. The Roman Empire expanded past Turkey into Egypt, an immense expansion that would only be rivaled by Genghis Khan. While Greece can be referred to as a civilization of knowledge, the Romans were able to apply the new rational thinking into empire building that surpassed Alexander the Great. Roman art, architecture, religion even entertainment are highly inn ovative forms of the Greek culture before it. The Roman Empire emulated Greece and the Athenians, much likeRead MoreHum100 - Artistic Themes from Ancient Cultures: Greece and Rome1237 Words   |  5 PagesArtistic Themes from Ancient Cultures: Greece and Rome It is hard to think of the ancient world without looking at the Greek and Roman empires. Although similar, the Greek and Roman empires are two different cultures. They existed from 500 B.C.E. to 500 C.E. (Fiero, 2006). One constant in both cultures was their pursuit of perfection in their art and architecture. This paper will examine this pursuit of perfection in both cultures and how their impact is felt in the modern age. One of the mostRead MoreReflection of Humanities807 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstanding the great story of humanity. The study of the ancient civilizations has shown itself to me to be a new found interest as the journey of the course had lead me to see the magnificent accomplishments of mankind, and the possibilities of our potential; both in glory and darkness. In this reflection paper, I will look back upon the beginnings of our studies of the development of the early civilizations from the Sumerians to the Roman Empire.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The definition and development of civilizationRead MoreRoman Empire : The Greatest Social And Political Center Of Western Civilization1478 Words   |  6 PagesAt its height, the Roman Empire was the greatest social and political center in western civilization. The empire survived for about 500 years, from 31 BCE to 476 CE. The land under Roman rule surrounded the Mediterranean Sea; its territory reached from Europe to the western part of the Middle East to the northern part of Africa. As Kathryn Hinds said in The Ancient Romans, â€Å"Ancient Rome has always been famous for its great achievements in architecture and engineering.† Roman architecture eventuallyRead MoreThe Roman Medicine991 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Mens sana in corpore sano† (Juvenal 10.356). A healthy mind in a healthy body, the Ancient Romans lived by this motto. The Ancient Romans believed that the health of the people was key to success in war and in creating a prosperous empire. Roman texts that have been gathered overtime have greatly influenced modern medical practices and without them, modern medicine would not be as advanced as it is today. The Ancient Romans learned numerous details about the human body and applied their knowledge inRead MoreGreek and Roman Military Influences in Modern Warfare850 Words   |  3 Pagesprinciples of ancient Greek and Roman warfare by studying the ancient battles, tactics, and use of supplies to develop effective military plans. Current militaries study and debate historical turning points of the ancient battles to understand how the leaders planned and executed battles. The empires’ growth was due in part to the might and successes of their military. The strength of their militaries came from many factors including their use of armor, weapons, and military tactics. The empires’ leadersRead MoreHow The Ancient Greeks And Romans Still Influence Our Modern World869 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant for students to understand how the ancient Greeks and Romans still influence our modern world. Ancient Greece was the birthplace modern mathematics, science, philosophy, architecture, literature, theater, art, architecture, Democracy, Law, and competitive sports. The term mathematics was invented by Pythagoras. It means that which is learned. In turn, mathematical theories were applied to building the great architecture of Greece. The great Greek temples are visual representations of theRead MoreThe Civilization Of Ancient Rome1366 Words   |  6 Pages The Civilization of Ancient Rome and The Time of the Kings, From Republic to Empire: Romulus and Remus, the Etruscans, the Greeks and early influences HST 101 Spring 2015 Lance Raebel Pima Community College West Campus Tucson, Arizona Table of Contents Introduction I. Romulus And Remus founding story a. Twin brothers i. Considered to be half gods ii. Rasied by a she wolf b. Father the god of war i. Rapes Rhea Silvia their mother c. Find Rome i. Romulus then kills Remus for leadership IIRead MoreEssay on Ancient Greece1711 Words   |  7 PagesAncient Greece GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION The Ancient Greek civilization was located on today’s Greek land, Ionian Islands, Asia Minor, South Italy, and Sicily. It is surrounded by mountains and in the north by water. The Ionian and the Aegean seas, together with natural islands and bays, gave the Greeks the opportunety to develop their maritime commerce and their rich culture. The mountains, which surrounded Greece, gave us the picture of its political character. From early times, the GreeksRead MoreThe Land Of Israel And Palestine1478 Words   |  6 PagesThis is a Greek lekythos which is usually used to store ointment, oil, and sometimes adorn graves. This artifact was found in the land of Israel/Palestine. This paper will examine how this object was produced, what kind of style was used in its production and what it meant to individuals at the time. On a larger level, trading objects like this one during the Persian Period represent the strength of local tastes and cultures over nationalistic tensions between Greece and Persia. â€Æ' 2. Introduction

Economy Of Malaysia And Its Inflation Condition - Detailed Analysis

Question: Analyze the economy of Malaysia and its inflation condition. Answer: Introduction The main aim of the assignment is to analyze the economy of Malaysia and its inflation condition. Inflation can be defined as general rise in the prices of goods and services over a particular span of time for fixed baskets of goods and services. Increase in inflation raises the prices while it decreases the purchasing power of the consumer. It is the percentage change in the value of goods and services in the economy (Gal 2015). Consumer price index is an approach to measure inflation in an economy. Consumer price index measures the changes in the prices of the fixed basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households during any particular time interval (Index and Indicators 2014). The consumer price index in Malaysia includes: Food and Non Alcoholic beverages Alcoholic beverages and tobacco Clothing and footwear Housing water, electricity, gas and other fuels Furnishings and household equipment Health, transport and communication Education and recreation services and culture Restaurants and hotels Miscellaneous goods and services Non food items such as durable goods, semi durable goods and non durable goods and services (Level 2015). The most important categories in CPI in Malaysia are Food and alcoholic beverages that account for 30% of contribution. The consumer prices in Malaysia fell in 2016 due to gradual fall in the cost of transportation, and other public utilities. The rate of inflation rose in the year 2014 and fell in 2015 (Hong and Razak 2015). Inflation in Malaysia Table: 20 years Inflation Rate from 1996 2015 in Malaysia Year Inflation rate (%) 1996 3.5 1997 2.7 1998 5.3 1999 2.7 2000 1.5 2001 1.4 2002 1.8 2003 1.0 2004 1.5 2005 3.0 2006 3.6 2007 2.0 2008 5.4 2009 0.6 2010 1.7 2011 3.2 2012 1.7 2013 2.1 2014 3.1 2015 2.1 (Source: Data.worldbank.org. 2016). Figure: inflation rate in Malaysia The rate of inflation is Malaysia is fluctuating in nature. The inflation rate was highest in the year 2008 while it was lowest in 2009. The rise in the inflation rate in Malaysia is due to an increase in the prices of crude oil. The rise in the prices of natural resources leads to an increase in the price of natural gases and other items that leads to rise in inflation rate. Another reason for the inflation rate in Malaysia is due to the rise in the wages and salary of the government servant. Thirty percent of goods in Malaysia are price controlled. The inflation rate in Malaysia in recent year has been falling due to fall in the prices of transportation and other public utilities. The average rate of inflation in Malaysia is 3.14 percent in the year 2014 as compared to the previous year. This shows that the economy of Malaysia is recovering. The annual growth rate in GDP in Malaysia is 4.7 percent in 2013 and it is the most competitive country in the world. One of the reasons for t he prices of goods and service in 1998 was the currency crisis that led the prices of goods to rise. The second was the global financial crisis in 2008 that also led the prices to rise (Tradingeconomics.com. 2016). Policies Government uses various policies to control inflation in Malaysia. The bank of Negara in Malaysia acts as central banks helps the other commercial banks and the government by giving financial advice to control inflation. The policies implement by Malaysian government are: Monetary policies- this policy is used to control the money supply in the economy. The instruments of monetary policies are open market operations, statutory reserve requirement, discount rate and moral suasion. Open market operations is the buying and selling of government bonds and securities. To control the inflation the central bank in Malaysia forces the commercial banks to buy the securities that will reduce the money supply and capability of giving loan which in turn will control the inflation. Next is the statutory reserve requirement where the central bank controls the inflation by increasing the reserve ratio that reduces the capability of giving credits to customers (Olivera 2014). The other measures are discount rate and moral suasion. The inflation rate and the discount rate are inversely related. If the government wants to control inflation the discount rate will be increased to reduce the flow of money. Moral suasion is the involvement of central bank in bank policies and activities. The bank simply gives order as to how to control inflation to financial institutions. Fiscal policies- fiscal policies deal with government expenditure and taxes. To control the inflation government will increases the amount of taxes while the government expenditure will fall in order to control the money supply in the economy. This is known as surplus budget policies. The income of the consumers will fall and so is their purchasing power which in turn will help the economy control its inflation rate (Weale et al. 2015). Direct or physical control- the Malaysian government has also implemented the direct method to control the inflation. This method is used to stop the speculative activities. Proper actions are taken against those retailers and trader involved in hoarding goods and services that leads to unnecessary rise in the prices. New price of cooking oil is introduced by the government in order to avoid the prices to rise (Sharma 2016). The policies implied by the government in Malaysia have helped the economy control its rate of inflation. The consumer price index in January 2016, increased by 0.6 percent due to the increase in the prices of food and non alcoholic beverages. The rise in CPI leads the inflation rate to rise in January 2016. Core inflation differs from overall CPI and is calculated excluding the prices of the goods and services that are subject to fluctuation. It is used for directing the monetary policies in the economy. There are various policies that have been implemented by the government of Malaysia. It is one of the most competitive economies in the world with the average rate of growth accounted for 4.7 percent annually (Shaari et al. 2012). Conclusion Hence, inflation rate is an important measure or economic indicator that helps in determining the economic growth. Inflation rate ion the changes in the prices of goods and services in the economy. It is essential for the government to use policies that controls the inflation. There are various reasons that can cause the prices of the goods and services to rise in the economy. The main reason for the rise in prices of goods and services in Malaysia is the rise in the prices of crude oils. The second reason is the rise in the wages and salaries of the government employees. Government uses various policies such as monetary policies, fiscal policies and direct or physical methods to control the inflation in the economy. The global financial crisis and the currency crisis in the past had led the prices and the inflation rate to rise. The bank of Negara is the central bank in Malaysia that plays a major role in controlling the rate of inflation in the economy. Consumer price index is used as a tool to measure the changes in the prices of the fixed basket of goods and services. The basket of consumer goods is compromised of many products and items such as durable, non durable goods, services, food, alcoholic and non alcoholic beverages and electricity and other basic necessities. References Data.worldbank.org. (2016). Data | The World Bank. Gal, J., 2015.Monetary policy, inflation, and the business cycle: an introduction to the new Keynesian framework and its applications. Princeton University Press. Hong, S.C. and Razak, S.H.A., 2015. The impact of nominal GDP and inflation on the financial performance of Islamic banks in Malaysia. Index, C.P. and Indicators, L.E., 2014. Consumer Price Index. Level, P.C.O.Y.A., 2015. Consumer Price Index. Olivera, J.H., 2014. Money, prices and fiscal lags: a note on the dynamics of inflation.PSL Quarterly Review,20(82). Shaari, M.S., Hussain, N.E. and Abdullah, H., 2012. The effects of oil price shocks and exchange rate volatility on inflation: evidence from Malaysia.International Business Research,5(9), p.106. Sharma, S.S., 2016. Can consumer price index predict gold price returns?.Economic Modelling,55, pp.269-278. Tradingeconomics.com. (2016). Malaysia Inflation Rate Forecast 2016-2020. Weale, M., Blake, A., Christodoulakis, N., Meade, J.E. and Vines, D., 2015.Macroeconomic Policy: inflation, wealth and the exchange rate(Vol. 8). Routledge.

Video Game Addiction free essay sample

The world of video games have been around for years and are always evolving especially with the modern day technology. With the making of new systems and new games on different video game engines everyone wants the new generation of gaming. Even personal computers are one of the most used systems for gaming. Medical officials have slowly been investigating how big video games are becoming and how individuals playing these games are starting to show signs of serious addiction problems. The modern day video games can become very addicting that it can cause individuals to neglect their families, their health, and lose their jobs. In 2011 on a divorce online survey showed that 15 percent of the divorces were due to their spouses’ addiction to video games (Whatcott, 2011). The cause of divorce is the spouse whether it be male or female are not getting the attention they want from that individual. Instead the individual would rather play a virtual reality for hours until it is time to go to bed, then wake up and do it again. We will write a custom essay sample on Video Game Addiction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Video games have become more personal than they used to be back in the old Nintendo days. They have managed to make games more competitive which is a huge cause of video game addiction. Most research suggests that massively multiplayer online games like World of Warcraft and Call of Duty tend to be the two most addicting games (Conrad, 2012). The reason these two games have caused so much chaos is because of how competitive they have made it as well as the feeling of accomplishment that an individual could not get in reality. Spouses blame the makers of these two video games for wrecking their lives as well as the life of their loved ones. When individuals decide to start a game they set their mind for victory and have no idea what the outcome of their decision will bring upon them. Individuals get so caught up in trying to beat a game that is unbeatable such as World of Warcraft. Due to the mind set of these individuals they neglect their own health and burn hours of their lives away. These individuals

Analysis of the IDEA Proficiency Tests (Pre

Abstract The IDEA Proficiency Tests (Pre-IPT) as a measure of the individual linguistic skills were created for children 3-5 age. The test contains different items which help indicating the ability of speaking of children of the different groups such as native, limited and non-native English speakers, providing the diagnosis of their strengths and weaknesses.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Analysis of the IDEA Proficiency Tests (Pre-IPT) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction Historically, preschool education is a period when a child starts socializing and preparing for the academic learning. Therefore, the instruments of measuring of the learning skills are necessary as it is important to take into consideration the needs of every child. Such formal assessment as the IDEA Proficiency Test (Pre-IPT) is the unique tool of measuring the skills of the particular age group of children. The present test i s an answer on the demands of schools to make the capabilities accountable. Method During the 15-20 minutes, children have to cope with the items, including vocabulary, comprehension, syntax and verbal expressions. Score system analyzes the answers and provides the results. Result The results of the present tests provide the demonstration of the linguistic skills of the concrete child and indicate the different level of capability of the native, limited and non-native English speakers. Such results are necessary for the schools as the visual demonstration of the strengths and the level of development of each child. Conclusion The IDEA Proficiency Tests (Pre-IPT) are the useful instruments that help to discover the information needed for better understanding of needs of every child. As the present test contains oral elements, it measures the speaking skills. The content and length are appropriate for the developmental level of children 3-5 years. Thereby, the IDEA Proficiency Tests ( Pre-IPT) can be recommended as the useful measures. Screening or assessment? Assessment, the test contains different types of the items.Advertising Looking for assessment on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Formal or Informal? As the nationally normed language proficiency assessment, the IDEA Proficiency Tests are formal. Criterion or norm referenced? The answers on the items are the criterions of scoring according to the group of the students (native, limited or non-native speakers). Administration and Scoring? The score is converted to one of seven proficiency levels that are different for the native speakers, limited English speakers and non-English speakers. Developmental domain(s) assessed? The IDEA Proficiency Tests (Pre-IPT) are helpful instruments within the process of research of the students’ skills and the level of development of a child. Age group targeted? The test was developed for st udents in grades 3-5 years. Available in multiple languages? English and Spanish versions are available. Valid and Reliable? The test is reliable and valid due to its adequate measuring of the speaking skills of the children.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Analysis of the IDEA Proficiency Tests (Pre-IPT) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Materials and Training? Materials and trainings are available in the Pre-IPT-Oral English Technical Manuals. Reliability How was reliability determined for the test? What were the methods used? Reliability for the test was determined as the extent to which the test was stable or consistent, for instance, how well this test measured the speaking skills. The methods used were the alternative-form, split-half or test-retest. Validity Does the test actually measure what it purports to measure? Yes, the test measures what it purports to measure such as the capability o f each child to cope with oral tasks and a demonstration of the level of development. However, there are several factors that affect the results such as unclear directions, difficulty of reading vocabulary provided in the test and the elements of the text not appropriate for the objects. Especially this aspect is significant in case of testing non-native speakers. If the effect of these factors is significant, the results can vary. Is the test meaningful for your purposes? Yes, it is obvious that the test is meaningful. Such tool can help to discover the information needed for the research. For instance, the test helps investigating the difference in performance of the skills of the native, limited and non-native English speaking children in grades 3-5 years. How was the test validated? What specific criteria were used? Validity of the test is determined as the degree to which the test serves the purpose for which was used. There are following criteria used in the test. First of all, there is content validity that helps representing an adequate sampling of the instructional program. For instance, in case of the reading part of the test, the content validity is based on the level of the appropriate measuring of the reading skills. Criterion-related or concurrent validity is related to the aptitude test and how the results predict the future success in the area.Advertising Looking for assessment on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Construct validity is relative to the personality, verbal ability or mechanical aptitude. IDEA Proficiency Tests (Pre-IPT) contain different items that can measure speaking skills. Those items are focused on parts of the body, spatial relations, time, ordinal numbers and superlatives. Standardization Sample Was the number of subjects used to establish reliability, validity, and norms adequate? Yes, several subjects were used in order to establish reliability, validity and norms. If this requirement is maintained, the results are adequate. When the test was used for the first time, the monolingual native English speakers and non-native English-speaking students were involved in testing. The results of their testing were the basement of the reliability and validity. Scoring Are scoring keys available? Yes, scoring keys are available. There are oral and writing items and the level of their scoring is presented at the end of the test. Is the time needed to score reasonable? The ti me needed to score is depended on the item and may take from 5 to 25 minutes. Although the vocabulary of the test is simple, non-English speakers may face the problem of time-limit and lack of understanding during the test. Therefore, it is possible to suggest that time needed to score should be different for the native and non-native speakers. Other considerations How long does it take to administer the test? Total time required to administer is 15-20 minutes. Depending on the number of items, it can vary from 5 to 25 minutes. Are the test content and length appropriate for the developmental level if used with young children? The test content consists of the book written in a simple style and provided a vocabulary with pictures which correspond to the particular questions. The test content is related to the simple elements of the life such as animals, days of the week and geometric figures; therefore, children can easily cope with the questions. The length of the test is depend ed on the number of the items. The test contains simple elements which are comprehensible for children of the particular age. Therefore, the content and length are appropriate for the developmental level of young children. This assessment on Analysis of the IDEA Proficiency Tests (Pre-IPT) was written and submitted by user Logan Chan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Puzzles In Sampling Design And Experimentation Example

Puzzles In Sampling Design And Experimentation Example Puzzles In Sampling Design And Experimentation – Coursework Example Puzzles in sampling design and experimentation May 23, Puzzles in sampling design and experimentation A team of ecologists is studying effects of suburban neighborhoods on stream ecology and due to limited time and finances, has decided to collect data from two sample points on a single stream. Measurables are temperature, dissolved oxygen, and aquatic macroinverterbrates. The design will not give the researchers defensible scientific results because of reliability and validity issues that arise from sampling strategy. Quantitative scope of the study requires reliability and validity that the design lacks. A representative sample is one of qualities of a quantitative study this lacks in the research. Using a single stream ignores data from other streams in the neighborhood and should differences exist in the streams’ composition, the results will not reflect on the data. Use of two sample points is another issue that undermines scientific quality of the study. Even a single st ream may have different features along its flow and multiple data points are necessary for capturing information at the different points. The arbitrary selection of two data collection points also identifies threat to bias, possibly because of convenience. Internal and external threats to reliability therefore exist, extend to validity of the study’s results, and undermine its scientific quality (Cohen, Manion, & Morrison, 2013).Use of many streams for the study and many data points from each stream would improve the design, assuming that resource and time constraints are resolved. Reliance on secondary data can be an alternative if the constraints still exist. Probability sampling of data points, such as use of stratified random sampling with demographic factors and existing literature on features of streams as bases for defining strata, would also improve the design (Cohen, Manion, & Morrison, 2013).ReferenceCohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2013). Research methods in education. New York, NY: Routledge.

The Dialectics of Wilson's The Piano Lesson by Elam Harry Essay

The Dialectics of Wilson's The Piano Lesson by Elam Harry - Essay Example The ghosts are symbolic of the past that keeps haunting the African Americans. Harry’s analysis is agreeable but excessively prejudiced.The next article â€Å"Call-and-Response: Parallel "Slave Narrative" in August Wilson's The Piano Lesson† by Boan Devon, which posits that Wilsons play is a propos on conflicts that arise when deciding the degree to which the past should affect the present. He argues that author of the play uses the piano as the benchmark to develop the argument on how people view the past. The author argues that the play consist of a traditional folklore incorporated into a true but metaphorical approach on slavery. According to Devon, the metaphorical narrative revolves around Willie Boy integrated into a family folklore revolving around Doaker. The approach is captivating and agreeable as it irrefutably explicates Wilson’s play. This paper is a critique of Elam Harry’s article â€Å"The Dialectics of Wilson's The Piano Lesson† an d Boan Devon article â€Å"Call-and-Response: Parallel "Slave Narrative" in August Wilson's The Piano Lesson.† The paper focuses on demonstrating the prejudice manner in which Elam has analysed the play â€Å"The Piano Lesson† and articulate the judiciousness of Devon’s scrutiny on the same play. ... mbol of conventional African Americans who believe their history should not be deserted while Boy Willy signifies noninterventionist African Americans who feel their past was futile and agonizing and should thus not preoccupy their future. Willie therefore tries to approve the American entrepreneurship to demonstrate his exodus from the wearying past African ancestry. Harry states that the whites viewed â€Å"The pain, struggle, and suffering of Charles family, represented by their personal histories etched into the piano† (Elam 370) with pleasure and coldness. The author further asserts that refusal of Berniece to dispose the piano represents the impact of the African American rebuttal to adopt western culture, which causes their continued poverty. Harry’s approach is distasteful, biased and fails to acknowledge any positive qualities of African American culture. Harry posits that African American culture â€Å"Has offered the only opportunities for expression and res istance.† (Elam 368). This is contrary to the portrayal in the play since Wilson has shown that the culture has facilitated unanimity among the African Americans. The author bigotry claims â€Å"The Current crisis and fragmentation of the African American family still bear the scars of this dislocation and disregard for family structure.† (Elam 368). The play does not depict Africans disregard to family structure. In deed, the Charles family tries to remain united such that at the end Willie decides to give up his dream of vending the Piano for the sake of family harmony. However, Harry acceptably attributes slavery to have contributed to the poverty in Charles family. He accurately interprets the piano as the African American culture passed on from generation to generation, which some African American’s